Ginkgo Biloba Tree
Common Name: Ginkgo, Ginkgo Tree

Ginkgo biloba, often referred to simply as “ginkgo,” is a unique and ancient tree species known for its distinctive fan-shaped leaves and its medicinal uses. It is the only surviving member of an ancient group of trees that dates back over 200 million years, earning it the nickname “living fossil.”

Appearance

Leaves: The leaves are broad, fan-shaped, and often have a unique forked or divided edge. They are bright green in the spring and summer and turn a vibrant yellow in the fall.
Size: Ginkgo trees can grow quite large, reaching up to 100 feet (30 meters) tall, although cultivated varieties are often smaller.
Bark: The tree’s bark is grayish-brown and is often considered quite resilient, resistant to pollution, and fungal diseases.
Flowers: Ginkgo is dioecious, meaning there are male and female trees. Male trees produce small, inconspicuous pollen cones, while female trees bear ovules that eventually produce seeds, which are encased in a fleshy, fruit-like structure.

Habitat

Ginkgo trees are native to China, but they are now cultivated in many parts of the world due to their hardiness and resistance to pests and diseases.
They are well-suited for urban environments, thriving in areas with air pollution and poor soil.

Medicinal Uses

Leaf Extract: The leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree are commonly used in herbal medicine. Ginkgo extract is believed to improve cognitive function, memory, and circulation, though scientific studies have shown mixed results. It is often marketed as a supplement for improving mental clarity and alleviating symptoms of dementia, anxiety, and depression.
Antioxidant Properties: Ginkgo is known for its antioxidant content, which may help protect cells from damage.
Circulatory Benefits: Some studies suggest that ginkgo may improve blood flow and help with issues like cold hands and feet or varicose veins.

Cultural Significance

The Ginkgo biloba is revered in many cultures, especially in Asia, where it symbolizes longevity and resilience.
It is often planted in temples and sacred areas because of its long life span and ability to survive in adverse conditions.

Toxicity of Fruit

While the leaves are often used for medicinal purposes, the fruit (the fleshy seed coating) of the female Ginkgo tree can be toxic if consumed in large quantities. It contains compounds that may cause skin irritation and gastrointestinal distress, though the seed inside is typically safe when properly prepared.

Growth and Care

Ginkgo trees are hardy and tolerant of a variety of soils, but they prefer well-drained, slightly acidic soil.
They can tolerate full sun or partial shade and are drought-tolerant once established.
Ginkgo trees are relatively low-maintenance and have few pest problems, making them excellent for ornamental landscaping in cities.